#JAVAN RHINOCEROS POPULATION 2014 SKIN#

They are thought to be territorial, marking their territory with piles of dung and urine pools. Sections of males home ranges usually extend to the coast. One calf is born and it is thought to saty with the mother for around two years. Females give birth and raise their calves near the coast. They will flee their normal browsing grounds if they sense humans or animals such as oxen or deer coming near. These animals prefer dense lowland rain forest, tall grass and reed beds that are plentiful with large floodplains and mud wallows. Of all the rhino species, the least is known of the Javan Rhino.

#JAVAN RHINOCEROS POPULATION 2014 SKIN#

The thick gray skin is divided into deep folds, making a saddle over the neck, with lumps or nodules, giving an armor-plated effect. Javan rhinoceros are relatively hairless except for their ears. Females have knobs or nothing that is visible. Adults are variously reported to weigh between 900 to 1,400 kilograms or 1,360 to 2,000 kilograms. The Javan rhino's body length reaches up 3.2 meters (10 feet), including its head and stands 1.5 to 1.7 meters (4 feet, 10 inches to 5 feet 7 inches) at the shoulder. The Javan rhinoceros’s hairless, hazy gray skin falls into folds into the shoulder, back, and rump giving it an armored-like appearance. They hope the true figure may be in the 70s and will have a new estimate once data for 2013 has been collated. Officials in Ujung Kulon believe there were 51 of the rhinos in 2012, including eight calves, basing their estimate on images captured by hidden cameras. Reporting from Ujung Kulon, Arlina Arshad of AFP wrote: “The shy creature, whose folds of loose skin give it the appearance of wearing armour plating, once numbered in the thousands and roamed across Southeast Asia. There are thought to be only around 50 of the animals left in existence, all living in the wild in Ujung Kulon National Park. The Javan rhino may be the rarest large mammal on Earth. More than almost any other creature living today it resembles the prehistoric mammals which dominated the earth millions of years ago. Its distinguishing features are its 26-centimeters horn and a prominent fold in the hide of its front shoulder. Like the closely related Indian rhinoceros, the Javan rhinoceros has a single horn. In April 2012, the National Parks Authority released video showing 35 individuals, including mother and offspring pairs and courting adults.The Javan rhinoceros is slightly smaller than the Indian rhino and a little bit larger than the Sumatran rhino. Two adult Javan rhinoceroses with their calves were filmed in a motion-triggered video released on 28 February 2011 by WWF and Indonesia's National Park Authority, which proved it is still breeding in the wild. Consequently, Javan rhinos are the least studied of all rhinoceros species. Researchers rely on camera traps and fecal samples to gauge health and behavior. Scientists and conservationists rarely study the animals directly due to their extreme rarity and the danger of interfering with such an endangered species. Aside from humans, adults have no predators in their range. It is mostly solitary, except for courtship and rearing offspring, though groups may occasionally congregate near wallows and salt licks. It historically inhabited lowland rainforest, wet grasslands, and large floodplains. The Javan rhinoceros can live around 30–45 years in the wild. The remaining range is within one nationally protected area, but it is still at risk from poachers, disease, and loss of genetic diversity leading to inbreeding depression.

Loss of habitat, especially as the result of wars, such as the Vietnam War, has also contributed to its decline and hindered recovery. : 31 As European presence in its range increased, trophy hunting also became a serious threat. The decline of Javan rhinoceros is attributed to poaching, primarily for its horns, which are highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, fetching as much as US$30,000 per kg on the black market.

The Javan rhinoceros population in Vietnam's Cat Tien National Park was declared to be locally extinct in 2011.

It is one of the rarest large mammal on Earth, : 21 with a population of approximately 74 in Ujung Kulon National Park at the western tip of Java in Indonesia. Today, it is critically endangered, with only one known population in the wild, and no individuals in captivity. The Javan rhinoceros ranged from the islands of Java and Sumatra throughout Southeast Asia and into India and China. Its horn is usually shorter than 25 cm (9.8 in). It belongs to the Rhinoceros genus and has a mosaic, armour-like skin, is 3.1–3.2 m (10–10 ft) long and 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.6 ft) high. The Javan rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros sondaicus), also known as the Javan rhino, Sunda rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is a very rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses.

Javan rhinoceros population 2014